Key takeaways from the study
- VDL Mode 2 remains viable through 2035 - with targeted enhancements
The study reaffirms that VHF Data Link Mode 2 (VDL2) can continue supporting operational needs until 2035, if targeted optimisation measures are implemented. These include expanded use of multiple frequencies, improved system resilience, protocol refinements, selective offloading of Airline Operational Control (AOC) traffic, and upgrades to ground infrastructure. - Only around half of the available VDL2 channels are currently used
Of the 12 available VDL2 frequencies, only six are in operational use as of 2024, with a seventh expected by 2025. Maximising the system’s capacity will require enhanced coordination between Communication Service Providers (CSPs) and States to ensure efficient channel deployment and role distribution. - VDL2 alone will not scale to future demand
Increasing demands-driven by Common Project 1 (CP1) / AF6 implementation, broader EPP/ADS-C adoption, and growing aircraft equipage with ATS-B2 - will lead to a significant rise in datalink traffic. Without supplementary technologies, VDL2 is unlikely to meet these demands without performance risks, especially during peak traffic periods in high-density airspace. - SATCOM is vital to network capacity and resilience
Initial satellite communications (SATCOM) operations in 2024 have demonstrated high levels of continuity and availability. As a complementary solution, SATCOM is essential to alleviate pressure on the VDL2 network and to meet the stringent performance requirements of future ATM services - enhancing system-wide resilience and reducing operational risk. - From optimisation to evolution: the path forward
While continued VDL2 optimisation is necessary, it should be viewed as a transitional measure. Long-term sustainability of datalink services in Europe will require the progressive introduction of new technologies, forming a future-ready, scalable infrastructure beyond VDL2.
Looking ahead: Preparing today for the traffic of tomorrow
In a context of growing complexity and ambition for digital ATM, this study offers a clear message: We must act today to prepare the datalink infrastructure of tomorrow.
Achieving this vision will require strong, sustained technical cooperation, collaborative governance, and strong commitment from all stakeholders. The decisions made now will shape the performance, capacity, and resilience of Europe’s skies in 2035 and beyond.