CASCADE
NEWS
A partnership approach to the deployment of ADS-B and Wide Area Multilateration (WAM) in Europe
A new information leaflet is available describing the partnership approach taken to the deployment of ADS-B and Wide Area Multilateration (WAM) in Europe.
You may consult the leaflet in the CASCADE documents section.
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New situational awareness tool in the cockpit
A breakthrough point has been reached in civil aviation with the operational deployment of surveillance capability in the cockpit, using ADS-B (automatic dependent surveillance broadcast).
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The Preliminary Safety Case for ADS-B APT
The Preliminary Safety Case for ADS-B APT (Airport Surface Surveillance) was recently published following a review by the Safety Regulation Commission Coordination Group - see Cascade Documents section'
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CASCADE Programme
The EUROCONTROL CASCADE Programme (part of the Directorate Network Management), co-ordinates the deployment of initial ADS-B applications and WAM in Europe. The Programme covers both ground Surveillance (i.e. “ADS-B out” and WAM) as well as airborne Surveillance applications (i.e. “ADS-B in”/ATSAW).
The widespread introduction of ADS-B within European airspace is being facilitated through legislation published by the European Commission (derived from the Surveillance Performance and Interoperability Implementing Rule – SPI IR).
ADS-B
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast is a Surveillance technique that relies on aircraft broadcasting their identity, position and other aircraft information. This signal can be captured for Surveillance purposes on the ground (ADS-B out) or on board other aircraft/vehicles (ADS-B in). The latter will enable airborne traffic situational awareness (ATSAW), spacing, separation and self-separation applications.
The ADS-B applications within the scope of the CASCADE Programme are the following:
- ADS-B in Non Radar Airspace (ADS-B NRA)
- ADS-B in Radar Airspace (ADS-B RAD)
- ADS-B for Airport Surface Surveillance (ADS-B APT)
- ADS-B for Aircraft-Derived Data (ADS-B ADD)
- ATSAW In-Trail Procedure in oceanic airspace (ATSAW ITP)
- ATSAW Visual Separation in Approach (ATSAW VSA)
- ATSAW during Flight Operations (ATSAW AIRB)
- ATSAW on the Airport Surface (ATSAW SURF)
WAM
Wide-area multilateration is a Surveillance technique that exploits the 1090 MHz transmissions broadcast from aircraft. From these signals it can create a track containing parameters such as aircraft identification, position, height, etc. Active interrogation is also possible in order to trigger transmission.
Although the manner in which WAM constructs Surveillance data differs significantly from ADS-B, the synergies between these two Surveillance techniques in addition to their high performance and lower cost are expected to bring significant operational benefits. Consequently, composite WAM/ADS-B systems are widely offered by industry and deployed by ANSPs in Europe and worldwide, thus exploiting these synergies.
The optimal mix of the various Surveillance techniques (SSR Mode S, ADS-B, WAM) will however depend upon the local environment, operational needs and business case, from an overall ATM Network viewpoint.
ADS-B and WAM are key enablers of the future European ATM Network, contributing to the achievement of the Single European Sky (SES) performance objectives, including safety, capacity, efficiency and environmental sustainability.
In addition, CASCADE participates in the standardisation of the first spacing application:
- Flight Deck Interval Management (ASPA-FIM)
The key deliverables of the CASCADE Programme embrace:
- Standardisation, certification and integration support for the applications as well as airborne and ground based system components
- Safety case activities
- Validation of ADS-B applications and systems
- Functional performance analysis and, as necessary, support to the rectification of system anomalies.
The EUROCONTROL CASCADE programme was launched in 2004 and is an on-going programme.
The CASCADE programme objectives for global interoperability are being realised by working closely with an extensive range of international stakeholders whose responsibilities encompass all aspects of Air Traffic Management. Close partnerships have been established between the Eurocontrol CASCADE Programme and:
- Air Navigation Service Providers and their National Supervisory Authorities both in Europe and across the world (in particular the FAA, Air Services Australia and Nav Canada),
- Aircraft Operators and their representative bodies
- Industrial partners for airframes, avionic components and ground based infrastructure
- International Organisations, standardisation bodies, regulators including ICAO, EUROCAE, RTCA, EASA etc.