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So that Controllers could participate in the PHARE experiments it was necessary to train then in the new systems and procedures. For each of the Demonstrations a training programme was developed to introduce both the new facilities and concepts.
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The aim of the training was to provide the controllers with confidence and proficiency in the use of the PHARE Demonstration 1 system, thus enabling them to participate fully in the PHARE Demonstration 1 experiment.
The controllers were trained using a specially designed one week course, entailing a mixture of classroom lessons and hands-on training on the full system.
In preparing and conducting the course, a number of lessons were learned:
- At least one of the training staff needed a sound knowledge of course design in order to establish a realistic approach to the tasks.
- Technicians working on developing the system assume too much prior knowledge when developing training material.
- The instructors need to keep up-to-date with the system which was still evolving as the training course developed.
- A high ratio of instructors to controllers and a constant source of technical staff to satisfy the controllers’ questions were required.
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The concepts and equipment of PHARE Demonstration 1 were quite different to the ATC practices and systems that the controllers were familiar with and it became apparent during the training and subsequent trials that one week was not long enough for controllers to assimilate all the new concepts.
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Before the trials each controller team participated in a one week training phase. The objectives of the training were the introduction of the PHARE Demonstration 2 concept, Ground Human Machine Interface familiarisation and hands on experience of the PHARE Demonstration 2 system. The aim of the training was to prepare the controllers to participate in the PHARE Demonstration 2 trials with full understanding of the system handling and philosophy.
The PHARE Demonstration 2 training programme succeeded in meeting the training objectives. The experience of the controller teams differed greatly. However all controller teams reported they were well prepared for the measured runs.
Some teams found that assimilating new and complex concepts presented in a foreign language was quite tiring and it was necessary for the instructors to fill some gaps in the training. Instructors should closely monitor how stand-alone training is being conducted by their trainees.
A mix of instructors with operational and technical knowledge ensured that all operational and technical questions and concerns of the controllers could be answered in a competent manner.
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A common training approach was applied by all PHARE Demonstration 3 sites which required close co-operation between the PHARE Demonstration 3 sites and the training experts of the Ground Human Machine Interface project.
The global objective of the PHARE Demonstration 3 Training project was therefore to design, develop, conduct and evaluate the PHARE Demonstration 3 training for the Controller Working Positions, which were to be simulated in PHARE Demonstration 3: Multi-Sector Planner, En Route Planning Controller, En Route Tactical Controller, Arrival Sequence Planner, Arrival Tactical Controller, Departure Planning Controller and Departure Tactical Controller and 3 sites: NLR, EEC and CENA.
The PHARE Demonstration 3 Training had the following objectives:
- Grasping the PHARE Demonstration 3 concept
- Ground HMI-familiarisation
- Learning the procedures (airspace + rules, working methods)
- Tools familiarisation
- Integration of knowledge and skills
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PHARE Demonstration 3 had a number of different elements to the training:
- Distance Learning – general information about PD/3 and an introduction in the PHARE Demonstration 3 concept and Ground HMI provided to participating controllers before they arrived for the trial.
- Computer Based Training – part task training.
- Standalone PHARE Demonstration 3 System – free play activities using the system for air traffic control and learning the control procedures.
- Linked PHARE Demonstration 3 System – full simulation environment for further task integration and reinforcement of the knowledge and skills from the Computer Based Training and standalone simulation.
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Training for PHARE Demonstration 1 is described in:
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