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| | PHARE Demonstration 3 airspace structure (Click for a larger image) |
PHARE Demonstration 3 concentrated on the air and ground systems available in the 2005-2015 time scale and addressed the influence of different controller working methods. It brought together en-route and Extended TMA results, defining the work to encompass a series of full multi-sector/multi-centre demonstrations. PHARE Demonstration 3 proposed a set of operating procedures based on previous results obtained in the programme.
The original objectives of PHARE Demonstration 3 can be summarised as follows:
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- demonstrate feasibility of introducing multi-sector planning in association with 4D trajectory negotiation, in en-route and ETMA environments;
- validate compatibility of the controller/automated system with the traffic organisation planning philosophy;
- validate compatibility of the pilot-automated system with the operational concept;
- validate interface between the various en-route and ETMA modes of operation and planning tools;
- assess and compare quality and performance (e.g. capacity gain and relative controller workload reduction), assess the potential advantages and drawbacks of the different concepts and associated tools;
- propose directions and improvements for further experiments and demonstrations;
- gain experience from the co-operation of several European ATM research establishments;
- have available at the PHARE establishments simulation facilities supporting further research into and validation of ATM concepts for EATMS.
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Although initially defined as a multi-site demonstration involving several interconnected sites, the PHARE Demonstration 3 demonstration was finally run as a “plural-site” demonstration. This implied validating different and complementary aspects of the evaluated concepts in a co-ordinated way on three sites:
- CENA at Athis-Mons focussed on departure aspects
- NLR at Amsterdam focussed on arrival aspects
- EEC at Brétigny undertook a gate to gate evaluation
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CENA (Centre d'Études de la Navigation Aérienne) |
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| The CENA PHARE Demonstration 3 facility (Click for larger image) | |
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The CENA PHARE Demonstration 3 work took place in Athis-Mons, France involving 27 controllers from various countries (USA, Romania, Germany, France).
It was performed in an operational environment gathering a TMA/departure sector including Paris CDG Airport, an ETMA/departure sector and an en-route sector, thereby covering areas left unexplored by previous PHARE Demonstrations.
It evaluated a future ATM concepts including air-ground integration, advanced tools to support the controllers and a transitional introduction of 4D Flight Management System and data-link equipped aircraft. The aim was to explore the effectiveness of concepts in an environment where the man stays in the process of decision-making, so following a “human centred approach”.
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EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre |
The part of the PHARE Demonstration 3 exercise planned to run at the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre (EEC) consisted of a full gate-to-gate simulation including multi-sector planner positions. Unfortunately, these trials could not be performed in the simulation timeslots foreseen in April-May 1998 due to problems in the development of human machine interface required for the advanced functionality. This led to the abandonment of PHARE Demonstration 3 trials at EEC.
A report has been prepared describing the controller training phase, the analysis methodology and the feedback from the controllers and project team arising from the work that could be performed.
In order to benefit as much as possible from this work, an internal ‘lessons learnt’ enquiry was undertaken after EEC PHARE Demonstration 3. The resulting document was attached as an appendix to the EEC PHARE Demonstration 3 report, with the hope that it’s content will form a positive contribution for others undertaking similar exercises.
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NLR (The Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium) |
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| The NLR PHARE Demonstration 3 facility (Click for a larger image) | |
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Within the overall gate to gate scenario between Paris and Amsterdam the PHARE Demonstration 3 trial at NLR related in particular to the further integration of en-route traffic handling and arrival management. For reasons of simulation size and complexity of integration it was decided during the system development and integration phases that multi-sector planning and departure management would not be addressed in detail. The NLR PHARE Demonstration 3 experiments were therefore destined to be a combination of PHARE Demonstration 1 and PHARE Demonstration 2.
In preparation of the main experiments, NLR performed an initial study of the coordination aspects between the arrival planning function and the en-route control and planning functions. These experiments were performed on an intermediate development of the final simulation platform. This reduced the risk on system development and provided requirements that were used for the development of the arrival manager tool and the negotiation manager tool for the final experiments.
The integration of the PHARE Advanced Tools (PATs) in the NLR ATC Research Simulator (NARSIM) proved to be a major challenge. Most of these tools had been developed by different PHARE partners on different platforms. They had not been integrated on a single platform before, nor had they been integrated with a fully functional Ground Human Machine Interface (GHMI).
The main phase of the trials were planned to take place in May 1998. Five teams of air traffic controllers would be used to build up sufficient statistical significance. In the end, it proved impossible to perform the planned experiments. Earlier on in the project it had been decided that development of common Ground HMI software would be shared between the EEC and the NLR. However, it was discovered that both the ODS Toolbox product and EEC’s Ground HMI middle-ware were not mature enough for the development of the PHARE Demonstration 3 Ground HMI. The result was that in May 1998 NLR only had the simple baseline system running but could not run the advanced system. One team of controllers performed a series of experiments with the baseline system. The NLR team then verified the operation of the system and practised the execution of real time simulations at this scale.
One significant event was the execution of a few demonstration flights with the NLR Citation II aircraft. This aircraft was equipped with an advanced EFMS and a prototype Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) system. Via a satellite sub-network the aircraft and the NARSIM ATC simulator exchanged data for trajectory negotiation and position reporting. The only significant problem was the low satellite sub-network throughput, which caused severe transfer delays and eventually a network reset.
Directly after the end of the PHARE Demonstration 3 project the decision was made to develop a Ground HMI for the advanced system based on the PHARE Demonstration 1 Ground HMI which was already integrated in NARSIM.
New experiments were planned for early 1999. This would be one series of experiments lasting four weeks. The first week would be dedicated to training and the remaining weeks would be used to perform a series of experiments. Only one international team of controllers would participate.
While the development of the Ground HMI was performed according to schedule, it became apparent in October 1998 that there would be a funding problem for the experiments in 1999. The planned system integration trials in November 1998 were then changed to a final public demonstration. Over a period of two weeks a team of fourteen controllers from different states visited NLR. These controllers were trained on the operational concept and the use of the system. Then over a period of three days presentations were made to visitors from all over Europe.
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PHARE Demonstration 3 is documented in the following:
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