This document has been developed to improve the process and outcomes of the activity of defining and developing effective Controller Working Positions (CWPs) for Air Traffic Management (ATM).

Specifically this document addresses the nature and value of an 'Interaction Style Guide' (ISG), as a key element in the development and implementation of the direct manipulation graphical interfaces, which are starting to be introduced into operational centres.

This document provides an overview of the work being undertaken with the ‘Core Requirements for ATM Working Positions (CoRe)’ Project. The objective of this project is to improve both the process and outcomes of activities directed at upgrading the working positions of air traffic controllers. The research strategy of understanding existing development methods, identifying shortcomings, establishing requirements for improvement and developing solutions is described together with the main products of the project. These products include a qualitative model of the organisation of the development process, a practical development framework supporting improved Human-Machine Interface (HMI) specification and traceability, evaluation and re-use of requirements, and a fully documented exemplary en-route controller interface.

Available pdf

This technical document reports work carried out as part of the CORE Requirements for Air Traffic Management (ATM) Working Positions Project conducted by the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre (EEC) on behalf of the EUROCONTROL Human Factors and Manpower Unit* (DIS/HUM) within the EATMP** Human Resources Domain (HUM). It provides an empirical methodology for selecting and evaluating screen fonts suitable for use with the technologies to be employed in the emerging generation of ATM working positions. The requirements and rationale on which this methodology is based are described in a companion EATMP Report ‘Font Requirements for Next Generation Air Traffic Management Systems’ (EATMP, 2000).

* Formerly known as the ‘ATM Human Resources Unit’ ** European Air Traffic Management Programme

Available pdf

This document reports work carried out as part of the CORE Requirements for Air Traffic Management (ATM) Working Positions Project, conducted by the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre (EEC) on behalf of the EUROCONTROL Human Factors and Manpower Unit* (DIS/HUM) within the EATMP** Human Resources Domain (HUM). It addresses the issues involved in selecting and evaluating screen fonts suitable for use with the technologies to be employed in the emerging generation of ATM working positions. It provides reviews of display technologies, text processing in Air Traffic Control (ATC) applications and typography before presenting recommendations and guidelines for typography in ATC.

* Formerly known as the ‘ATM Human Resources Unit

** European Air Traffic Management Programme

Available pdf

This guideline document facilitates and supports the implementation of a Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) programme. It proposes the steps to be followed during the whole process through the phases of definition, planning, implementation and supervision of the programme.

This document is a revision of an earlier EUROCONTROL publication, ‘Critical Incident Stress Management: User Implementation Guidelines’ (2005).

Available in pdf.

This document is, within the Human Resources Domain, one of the Human Factors Modules. These modules deal with Human Performance. This module explains human stress. It describes the sources for stress, human reactions to stress and human perception of stress. The module further defines prevention & coping techniques, prevention in terms of selection, training, job design, medical checks, attitudes and behaviour and coping in terms of recognition, food, exercise and relaxation techniques.

Available pdf

This report proposes a validated approach on how to assess the impact of automation on teamwork. On the basis of a literature review the latest research results on teamwork and its measurement are described.

This document reports on the rationale and development process undertaken to construct a tool for assessing the impact of change in automated Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems on mental workload.

System disturbances are likely to be a key factor affecting the acceptance and safety of future automation. Neither hardware nor software can be claimed to be totally reliable and so humans are always required in Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems, which will remain socio-technical systems. Unfortunately, human reliability is also fallible. Hence, an understanding of how human manage system disturbances is required, along with a method for looking at the problem for new systems.

This report details research and operational experience regarding the management of system disturbances.

This document provides an advanced approach of integrating human factors issues into ATM design and training by providing a predictive approach for cognitive human aspects. The approach distinguishes between defining the cognitive demands of the interface (levels of automation), the cognitive aspects of ATM and required ATM functions. The approach was validated with a datalink experiment and the predictive results are presented as well as the detailed taxonomies used for prediction.

This document describes a survey conducted in the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) Area on the issue of age, experience and automation in European Air Traffic Management. It provides the theoretical background of the survey, based on cognitive ageing and expertise research.

This report is concerned with the relation of age, experience and automation. It has been prepared as part of the "Solutions for the Human-Automation Partnerships in European ATM (SHAPE)" Project managed by the ATM Human Resources Unit of EUROCONTROL, later renamed the Human Factors and Manpower Unit (DIS/HUM) and today known as the Human Factors Management Business Division (DAS/HUM). This is the first report of the SHAPE Work Package "Age and Experience". The document contains a literature review about known positive and negative effects of ageing on human performance, and discusses the relevance of these aspects for the European Air Traffic Management (ATM) environment. The results were discussed with Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs) and summarised. A sequel document (currently under preparation) is dealing with the application and evaluation of a questionnaire about the effect of age and experience, which was distributed to EUROCONTROL Member States and evaluated in 2002.

This report describes the development of two human factors tools for measuring Situation Awareness (SA) in Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems. The measures are primarily concerned with controllers. SA when using computer-assistance tools and other forms of automation support, which are expected to be major components of future ATM systems. The report has been prepared as part of the Solutions for Human-Automation Partnerships in European ATM (SHAPE). Project being carried out by the ATM Human Resources Unit of EUROCONTROL, later renamed Human Factors and Manpower Unit (DIS/HUM) and today known as Human Factors Management Business Division (DAS/HUM).

Available pdf

The purpose of this document and its sequels is to provide a set of human factors guidelines for facilitating and fostering human trust in Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems. The guidelines are primarily concerned with the trust of computer-assistance tools and other forms of automation support, which are expected to be major components of future ATM systems. This deliverable, on the subject of trust guidelines, is the first one developed within the ‘Solutions for Human-Automation Partnerships in European ATM (SHAPE)’ Project. There are two subsequent deliverables on trust issues; one is dealing with the measurement of trust (see EATMP, 2003a), the other provides detailed info about trust principles (see EATMP, 2003b).

Available pdf

The purpose of this document is to describe the development, evaluation, validation and potential use of a measure of Air Traffic Control (ATC) trust. The measure, named ‘SATI’ for ‘SHAPE ATM Trust Index’, is primarily concerned with human trust of ATC computer-assistance tools and other forms of automation support, which are expected to be major components of future Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems. This deliverable is the second one developed within the ‘Solutions for Human-Automation Partnerships in European ATM (SHAPE)’ Project. A related deliverable provides a set of human factors guidelines for facilitating and fostering human trust in ATM systems (see EATMP, 2003a). A subsequent deliverable on the trust issue provides detailed information on trust principles (see EATMP, 2003b).

Available pdf

The purpose of this document is to provide a concise list of principles and guidelines for facilitating and fostering human trust in Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems. It concerns controller trust with computer-assistance tools and other forms of automation support, which are expected to be major components of future ATM systems. This document, the third one developed within the ‘Solutions for Human-Automation Partnerships in European ATM (SHAPE)’ Project, is a supplementary note to the first main deliverable which provides a detailed review of the literature on trust (see EATMP, 2003a). It is intended as a support document in practical design issues.

Available pdf

This report has been developed among a series dealing with how human errors in Air Traffic Management (ATM) can be analysed and evaluated to improve safety and efficiency in European ATM operations. The purpose of this work is to develop an approach and methodology to predict human errors in Air Traffic Control (ATC) environment.

Available pdf

Available. Order details here (CD-ROM)

This report has been developed among a series within the Human Error in ATM (HERA) Project dealing with how error in Air Traffic Management (ATM) can be analysed and evaluated to improve safety and efficiency in European ATM operations. The purpose of this work is to develop an approach, using the Human Error in ATM (HERA-JANUS) classification technique (see EATMP, 2003), for safety management within ATM. The report describes the developments made of the ‘Safety Management Assistance and Recording Tool (SMART)’ approach over an eighteen-month period, and details the results and recommendations from this process.

Available pdf

This report is the third in a series developed within the Human Error in ATM (HERA) Project dealing with how human errors in Air Traffic Management (ATM) can be analysed to improve safety and efficiency in European ATM operations. The purpose of this work is to increase the effectiveness of error recording, analysis and prevention. This report describes the results of two validating exercise using the HERA-JANUS Technique (see EATMP, 2003).

Available pdf

This report is the second in a series in Phase 1 of the ‘Human Error in ATM (HERA)’ Project, dealing with how human errors in Air Traffic Management (ATM) can be analysed to improve safety and efficiency in European ATM operations. The purpose of this work is to increase the effectiveness of error recording, analysis and prevention. This report describes the development and application of a framework and technique for analysing human error in ATM incidents. The HERA-JANUS taxonomy is presented for future use.

Available pdf

This report is the first in Phase 2 of the ‘Human Error in ATM’ Project (HERA 2). It concerns the further development and investigation of human error, its prediction, detection and management within the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. The purpose of the work is to assess how human errors are generated within a simulated ATM environment and, more importantly, how they are managed. This report not only discusses the errors found in these situations but also offers a methodology for future work in the ATM system.

Available pdf

This document represents a technical addition to the first report in Phase 2 of the ‘Human Error in ATM’ Project (HERA 2). It concerns the further development and investigation of human error, its prediction, detection and management within the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. The purpose of the work is to assess how human errors are generated within a simulated ATM environment and, more importantly, how they are managed. This report describes in detail the tools and methods developed to record the error, and their recovery, made in the ATM environment.

Available pdf

This short report accompanies the ‘Technical Review of Human Performance Models and Taxonomies of Human Error in Air Traffic Management (HERA)’ (EATMP, 2002a), which is the first of three reports dealing, within Phase 1 of the HERA Project, with how human errors in Air Traffic Management (ATM) can be analysed to improve safety and efficiency in European ATM operations.

Available pdf

This report is the first of a series of three which, within Phase 1 of the Human Error in ATM (HERA) Project, deals with how human errors in Air Traffic Management (ATM) can be analysed to improve safety and efficiency in European ATM operations. The purpose of this work is to increase the effectiveness of error recording, analysis and prevention. This first report reviews the theoretical and practical techniques from other industries, from general psychology, and from the few ATM-oriented approaches that have been developed so far. This review culminates in a conceptual framework, which will be the basis for a detailed methodology for analysing and learning from error-related incidents in ATM. A shorter management summary of this report is also available (EATMP, 2002a).

Available pdf

This is a report of the proceedings of the EUROCONTROL HF Case Workshop held in Brussels 26-28 November 2007. The workshop addressed Integrating Human Factors (HF) into Air Traffic Management (ATM) projects using the HF Case and similar methodologies.

This document describes the updated Human Factors (HF) Case process. The HF Case is a comprehensive and integrated approach to ensure that the design and implementation of an Air Traffic Management (ATM) system can deliver the desired performance improvements from a human perspective.

This document sets out the guidance for producing a Human Factors Case, a comprehensive and integrated approach to ensure that the design and implementation of technical, human and/or procedural ATM system can deliver the desired performance improvements. The Human Factors Case, intended as a summative document, highlights the key issues and referencing studies that have been performed to assess these issues.

This report is, within the EATMP* Human Resources Domain (HUM), the first in a series dealing with the integration of human factors in Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems. This report suggests that human factors should be integrated throughout the ATM system life cycle in order to reduce cost and make ATM systems safer and more effective. The report will provide the reader with an awareness of the benefits from integrating human factors into the ATM system life cycle and the cost associated herewith. The module will accommodate an understanding of the effects of both taking specific human factors initiatives and the way in which cost develops over the lifetime of the system.

European Air Traffic Management Programme (formerly EATCHIP or European Air Traffic Harmonisation and Integration Programme)

Available pdf

Human factors is traditionally not well integrated within systems design. The Human factors Integration in Future ATM systems (HIFA) Project aims to redress this situation with respect to Air Traffic Management (ATM) projects. For each phase of the EATMP* life cycle the report identifies the key integration issues and specifies the human factors tasks to carry out and the checklist questions to ask. The roles and responsibilities required to implement the HIFA process are also detailed. The report discusses the application of the HIFA methodology to European ATM project development scenarios including initial feedback on the HIFA guidance material from a selection of ATM project managers. Project development scenarios are discussed and a list of ten scenarios proposed.

* European Air Traffic Management Programme (formerly known as EATCHIP standing for European Air Traffic Harmonisation and Integration Programme)

Available pdf

Human factors is traditionally not well integrated within systems design. The Human Factors Integration in Future ATM systems (HIFA) Project aims to redress this situation with respect to ATM projects. This report provides a comprehensive review of human factors methods and tools. A total of 39 ‘core’ methods are identified and described. The main characteristics of each method (its aim, procedure, requirements, outputs) are covered along with its advantages and disadvantages. Some 72 supporting human factors tools are also listed and described briefly. An extensive list of information sources on the Internet is included.

Available pdf

This document is, within the Human Resources Domain (HUM), one of the human factors modules dealing with human performance. This module suggests that human factors should be integrated throughout the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system life-cycle in order to reduce cost and make ATM systems safer and more effective. The module will provide the reader with an awareness of the benefits from integrating human factors into the ATM system life cycle and the cost associated herewith. The module will accommodate an understanding of the effects of both taking specific human factors initiatives and the way in which cost develops over the life-time of the system.

Available pdf

The Human Resources Team (HRT) of the European Air Traffic Control Harmonisation and Integration Programme (EATCHIP), now the European Air Traffic Management Programme (EATMP), has initiated the organisation of annual workshops on topics concerning Human Resources in Air Traffic Management (ATM), namely human factors. This report contains the proceedings of the third EUROCONTROL Human Factors Workshop held in Luxembourg in October 1998. The workshop addressed the integration of human factors into the life cycle of ATM systems.

Available pdf

This document is, within the Human Resources Domain, one of the human factors modules. These modules deal with human performance. This module provides an introduction to the integration of human factors in the development of air traffic management systems. The module will provide the reader with an awareness of the importance and benefits of integrating human factors in the process of developing air traffic management systems. The module will accommodate an understanding of the factors involved in the system life-cycle, a guidance for steering the integration of human factors in the system development process and methods to support this process.

Available (pdf + paper)

This report presents the results from the Air Traffic Controllers’ (ATCOs’) task analysis conducted in fifteen different Units in European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) States using the Integrated Task Analysis (ITA) methods. The cognitive processes of aerodrome, arrival/departure and en-route controllers are depicted. A new concept, ‘the cognitive profile’, was developed in order to allow comparison from the cognitive point of view between the different types of Air Traffic Services (ATS) provision. Additional results on working style, behavioural observation, stress and strain are also provided. Finally, some ideas for potential use of the results in controllers’ selection and training, and the development of new ATM system are suggested.

Available pdf

This report presents results from the Air Traffic Controllers’ (ATCOs’) task analysis conducted in five different en-route control centres in Europe. The approach of an Integrated Task Analysis (ITA) was employed, using cognitive interviews, behavioural observations, post-observational interviews and flight progress reconstruction methodology to allow a process description of the en-route controllers’ tasks, which focuses on the cognitive aspects. Furthermore, a generic structural breakdown of the job level is provided. The report reviews some of the current results of controllers’ job and task analyses and it describes the methods of data collection. The cognitive processes and structures of the controllers’ tasks are described at different levels in this report.

Available pdf

The development and the elements of a standardised Integrated Task Analysis (ITA) procedures are described. The main purpose of this task analysis is to describe the job and tasks of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs) from a perspective which focuses on the cognitive processes. Its main aim is to throw some light on the processes which take place in the controller’s mind while he is working. For this purpose a cognitive interview has been developed, which addresses the controller’s information processing for different tasks. The interview is supplemented by a set of observational methods.
A flight-progress reconstruction interview links the results of the interview to those of the more classical task observation. To complete the methods, an interview addressing organisational aspects and some methods for assessing the controller’s workload and stress are provided.

Available pdf

This document is a report on the development of a Cognitive Model for Air Traffic Control (ATC) which has been contracted out to the "Institute of Evaluation Research" (Institut für Begleitforschung, IFB) by the Human Resources Domain of the European Air Traffic Harmonisation and Integration Programme (EATCHIP). It is intended to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the cognitive processes involved in ATC and will be useful to those involved in training, selection, automation, task analysis and job design for ATC.

Available pdf

This report contains the proceedings of the first EUROCONTROL Human Factors Workshop held in Luxembourg in May 1996. The workshop addressed "Cognitive Aspects in Air Traffic Control (ATC)" in four areas: model, selection, training and automation. The report includes the presentations of the speakers, summaries of the working groups and the workshop evaluation

Available pdf

This guideline outlines a model to describe the tasks performed by the Air Traffic Management (ATM) Technical Staff and the different jobs which they execute. It has been established within the framework of the European Air Traffic Control Harmonisation and Implementation Programme. It will contribute to the harmonisation of the training of ATM Technical Staff in the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) area of competence. The model has been developed by a multinational team of experts from EUROCONTROL, IFATSEA and National Administrations.

Available pdf

The Job Description Task Force of the Human Resources Team in EATCHIP has developed a model for Task and Job Descriptions of Air Traffic Controllers. The report describes the method used, results and conclusions for current and future work of the Task Force. Results and conclusions highlight the relevance of cognitive aspects in controller tasks which have important impact for selection, training, licensing and working practices of Air Traffic Controllers and future development of new procedures and technical equipment.

Available (pdf + paper)

CD-ROMs 1 & 2 available.
Edition of 6-Apr-00 & 29-May-00

The introduction of future ATM systems within the next ten to fifteen years will impact on air traffic control training. Using advanced computer-assisted tools will challenge the cognitive skills of the air traffic controllers. Teamwork will take on a new significance. This document outlines current air traffic control training and takes note of how the role of the controllers will change in future ATM systems. Traditional and more recent theories of learning and motivation - HOW and WHY people learn - are examined. In the context of the demands of future ATM systems current air traffic control teaching practices may lead to a shift away from teacher-directed training and toward learner-oriented training.

Available pdf

This report reflects the work done by the Team Resource Management Task Force II (TRMTFII). The Task Force introduced, tested and evaluated Team Resource Management (TRM) in a number of European States. The document aims to share the experiences of the Task Force and to advise the implementation and application of the TRM concept in the European Civil Aviation Conference area. The report includes a prototype course for TRM and the results of the evaluation of the test phase of the TRM project.

Available pdf

This document is, within the Human Resources Domain, one of the Human Factors modules. These modules deal with human performance. This module provides the Human Factors perspective in the investigation of accidents and incidents. It describes the Human Factors specialist approach, the basic guidelines for the implementation of a reporting scheme and the investigation of Human Factors as an integrated part of the whole investigation.

Available (pdf + paper)

This report contains the proceedings of the second EUROCONTROL Human Factors Workshop held in Luxembourg in May 1997. The theme of the workshop was ‘Teamwork in Air Traffic Services’. This report includes the presentations of the speakers and summaries of the working groups.

Available (pdf + paper)

This document is, within the Human Resources Domain, one of the Human Factors Modules. These modules deal with Human Performance. This module explains the complexity of interpersonal communication.

It describes process and functions of interpersonal communications and introduces the reader to the influences of typical human factors on verbal and non-verbal human communication. Aviation communication is in many aspects influenced by these human factors.

Available pdf

The purpose of this document is to provide an introduction to current human related issues in order to encourage managers to actively consider these issues. This document aims to help managers and operational staff understand the issues and sets out guidance to promote development of practical solutions in the following areas: communication, teamwork, customers focus, rostering and working practices, human factors techniques, career and personal development.

Available pdf

These guidelines reflect the work of the Team Resource Management (TRM) Task Force of the EATCHIP Human Resources Domain and provide management and operational staff with relevant information when considering the development and implementation of TRM. An example of an outlined syllabus for TRM training which can be used by training designers as a basis for developing courses is also provided.

Available pdf

This report presents a study of good practice on selected safety issues for staffing Air Traffic Control (ATC) Operations. The study focuses on the following selected staffing issues: degraded systems operations, workload extremes, night work, Single Person Operations (SPO), position handover, and On-the-Job Training (OJT).

The aim when addressing these issues was to obtain a description of the hazards and prevention and mitigation strategies.

Available pdf

This literature review represents the first deliverable as part of a feasibility study on Managing Shiftwork in European ATM (MSEA) to define with stakeholders common solutions and/or adaptations that will facilitate the planning and management of flexible working practices (with a focus on shiftwork) to improve safety and productivity/efficiency in ATM. The document summarises available research results on employee health and social requirements, safety, performance, and productivity/efficiency for shiftwork environments.

Available pdf

This document presents the study on shiftwork practices both in Air Traffic Management (ATM) and non-ATM industries. The purpose of the study was to identify (best) practices that can help to define common solutions for managing shiftwork in European ATM. This document is the second of the “Managing Shiftwork in European ATM (MSEA)” Project, which was conducted by EUROCONTROL within the EATM Human Factors Domain as part of the Human Performance and Training Enhancement (HPTE) Planning and Feasibility. Shiftwork practices were collected from the areas of international ATM, and from the medical, police and airline industries. The findings were rich and are likely to provide valuable input to the process of developing shiftwork solutions for European ATM.

Available pdf

CD-Rom available
(user guide + simulation software package)

This deliverable describes a practical process called .CHAMP. (Collaborative and Harmonised Air Traffic Controller Manpower Planning). The CHAMP process promotes a process to bring people together to understand the long-term impact of Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) Manpower Planning (MP) decisions using the LAMPS (Long-term ATCO MP Simulation) tool. The LAMPS tool models and simulates over a fifteen-year timeframe the variables influencing the number of ATCOs available and required. The key benefit of introducing the LAMPS/CHAMP approach in an Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP) is that it provides a framework to recognise signs of changes and to evaluate their impacts for ATCO MP. In the longer term this should lead to improved decision-making on ATCO MP issues, and should alleviate experiencing peaks and dips in the number of ATCOs available and required. The main users of this document should be manpower planners, Human Resources (HR) managers, training managers and Operations.

This document focuses on providing guidelines on Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) Manpower Planning processes, which consolidates and builds on previous research and publications relating to ATCO Manpower Planning. One of the main benefits of this guidelines document on ATCO Manpower Planning is to help foster improved understanding of the Manpower Planning processes and components which leads to enhanced quality in the prediction, assignment and use of staff. In addition, by addressing a wide range of readers (including manpower planners, supervisors, ATCOs, senior management and staff members at all levels), the document provides transparency on the elements of Manpower Planning which should enable manpower planners to benchmark their current practices and identify areas for improvement.

Available (pdf + paper)

The European Air Traffic Management Programme (EATMP) Human Resources Team (HRT) has initiated the organisation of the first EUROCONTROL Manpower Planning (MP) Workshop, which was held in Luxembourg in June 1999. The theme of the Workshop was "Coping with ATM Dynamics – How do new developments and new corporate environments complicate manpower planning?". This report contains the proceedings of the Workshop. It includes the presentations of the keynote speakers, the presentations of the speakers at the Open Forum, the presentations of the working groups, the Workshop’s conclusions and its evaluation.

Available (pdf + paper)

This document details the tactical perspective of the manpower staffing methodology in Air Traffic Service (ATS) organisations. It intends to give Manpower Planners (MPs), supervisors, controllers, senior management and staff members at all levels, detailed considerations on the day-to-day know-how of MP work. It clarifies qualitative and quantitative aspects of the staffing methodology in ATS organisations. By focusing on the day-to-day way of determining the number of controllers needed to perform the core task of an ATS organisation, this document may also foster the common understanding of broader and long-term MP considerations in the manning process. The ways of constructing a roster and improving it are also described. The advantages of shift scheduling software and their limitations are presented.

Available (pdf + paper)

The purpose of this document is to examine, at a high level, the Management and Manpower Planning issues of Air Traffic Management organisations, using a Systems viewpoint. By using a Systems viewpoint, additional clarify and insight may be gained over more traditional view. Change and change management are discussed, together with organisational effectiveness and efficiency. By using a Systems theory approach, the reader is able to move from the real world to a model and back into the real world again, thus offering some degree of confidence to those managers wishing for (contemplating) a time of transit from the current state to some future desired state.

Available (pdf + paper)

Restricted distribution

This document gives Manpower Planning (MP) managers, and specialists responsible for implementing, administering or providing MP services detailed considerations on one main question: should staffing initiatives meet or exceed authorised staffing levels? It presents a shortage/surplus management models, including their advantages and disadvantages. It intends to encourage discussion and trigger thinking rather than establish guidelines as regards the desired models. However, some general policy principles in view of choosing a model are suggested together with operational ways and MP means to cope with a storage.

Available (pdf + paper)

This document reports on the Air Traffic Control Officer (ATCO) manpower quantitative requirements and expectations in the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) States updated for 1993 -1997 and perceived for 1998-2002.

Available (pdf + paper)

The document describes the process of manpower planning and addresses strategic as well as tactical planning constituents and associated planning problems that have a direct or indirect influence on the planning of quantitative manpower requirements in Air Traffic Service (ATS). Mandatory and complementary elements in staffing that normally are related to the calculation of staffing or multiplication factors and therefore have a direct influence on the number of staff needed to man operational positions are identified and described.

Available (pdf + paper).
Ed. 2.0 planned, availability date to be defined.

Available (pdf + paper)

Available (pdf + paper)

This document intends to give guidance to managers, manpower planners and staff on the processes involved in Personal and Career Development (PCD) of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs). It also provides a framework for the understanding of PCD as a strategic activity in Human Resources Management (HRM) and outlines the constraints which exist in Air Traffic Services (ATS) organisations to implement and maintain a PCD process.

Available (pdf + paper)

Staff development and potential identification are part of Air Traffic Management Organisations’ Service Quality and Safety Management Systems. This deliverable describes how potential identification can be achieved through performance appraisal on past and current work. This deliverable also describes that for assessing the potential for some future work, some more exploratory methods need to be used. The iteration for maintaining and developing staff quality includes the different steps in establishing criteria, the use of performance appraisal and more exploratory methods.

Available (pdf + paper)

Available (pdf + paper)

This document addresses Guiding Principles and gives Policy Recommendations in relevant areas in recruitment and selection of ab initio trainee controllers and in related areas. The main focus is on implementation, control and maintenance of appropriate selection tools and methods. Administration and professional practices in recruiting, selection and training are addressed with a view to help to introduce new or to adjust existing policies. The aim is higher efficiency in the use of methods and tools throughout the whole recruitment, selection and training process. In addition the guidelines describe professional practices in regard to control of the recruiting, selection and training system that will help to target potential problems or shortcomings in an existing system or to implement new methods. This is done with the aim to maintain and improve the quality and validity of used methods and tools.

Available (pdf + paper)

The document intends to assist managers and personnel in national Air Traffic Services (ATS) administrations in the development and implementation of procedures in recruitment and pre-selection of applicants based on identified basic requirements and pre-assessment characteristics with the aim to identify applicants with a high potential to pass the formal selection (e.g. ability assessment and interview). The general principle that should be followed is to ensure that the profile of suitable applicants for the selection process consists of those characteristics that discriminate between accepted and rejected candidates in the later selection processes. This document contains tentative proposals with regard to specific applicant pre-assessment characteristics (e.g. education) which may predict the outcome of a subsequent selection.

Available (pdf + paper)

The Selection Task Force (STF) of the EATCHIP Human Resources Team (HRT) has produced guidelines for the establishment and application of procedures and tests for the selection of air traffic controller candidates (ab initio trainee controllers) in ECAC States. The guidelines describe the methods used and the results obtained by the STF. The guidance material includes recommendations regarding the strategic and tactical aspects of implementing selection activities (procedures and tests) and the use of 'Best practices' in selection activities. The total selection process was examined. As far as possible recommendations are related to common practice as identified in a survey of ECAC States undertaken by the STF.

Available (pdf + paper)

Restricted distribution. This Deliverable permanently supersedes Deliverable M3.

This report gives the results of an initial study of the marketing and communication in Europe of the job of Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) (Phase I). Based on an analysis of the results of a survey carried out in various States, the study identifies the perceived positive and negative images related to the job as well as its tangible elements. A common (generic) job marketing and communication strategy and concept is developed and guidelines are provided as to how best to market the job. The means and ways whereby this can be achieved are given, together with practical examples, in a coherent way and in line with the communication objectives.

Available (pdf + paper)

The European Air Traffic Management Programme (EATMP) Human Resources Team (HRT) has initiated the organisation of the first EUROCONTROL Selection Seminar, which was held in Luxembourg in May 1999. The theme of the seminar was "Current and Required Future Selection Work and Methods in the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) Area". This report contains the proceedings of the seminar. It includes the presentations of the keynote speakers, the presentations of the speakers at the Open Forum, the seminar's conclusions and its evaluation.

Available (pdf + paper)

This report describes a methodological framework which can be used to carry out a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of the recruitment and selection process for ab initio trainee controllers. It is intended to be of practical use to National Administrations when making out a business case to support the introduction of enhanced recruitment and selection systems.

Available pdf

Exhausted (no paper, no pdf)

Available (paper). Order details here Ed. 2.0 under preparation

Permanently superseded by M20

Edition 2.0 of the “Requirements for European Class 3 Medical Certification of Air Traffic Controllers” (EUROCONTROL, 2006) has been produced with the objective of providing a set of harmonised, up-to-date medical requirements, specifically designed for Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs), to be used uniformly across Europe.

This document identifies consistencies and differences between the Class 3 Medical Assessment Requirements contained in International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 1 (2001) and the Requirements for European Class 3 Medical Certification of ATCOs. It is intended as supporting documentation for use by States who may wish to inform ICAO of any differences with ICAO Annex 1 provisions.

Available pdf

This document has been developed to support Member States introducing a competence assessment scheme to satisfy the requirements of EUROCONTROL Safety Regulatory Requirement 5 (ESARR 5) (see EUROCONTROL, 2002).

The document proposes a harmonised approach to Basic Training, Qualification Training and System/Equipment Rating Training for Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel (ATSEP). It also proposes formal training for instructors and Competence Assessors (CAs) and describes competence assessment schemes for ATSEP, On-Site Training Instructors (OSTIs) and CAs.

The document emphasises the importance of human factors / TRM training for ATSEP and also examines safety and language issues.

Available pdf

This document has been developed to support Member States introducing a competence assessment scheme to satisfy the requirements of EUROCONTROL Safety Regulatory Requirement 5 (ESARR 5) (see EUROCONTROL, 2002).

The document proposes a harmonised approach to Basic Training, Qualification Training and System/Equipment Rating Training for Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel (ATSEP). It also proposes formal training for instructors and Competence Assessors (CAs) and describes competence assessment schemes for ATSEP, On-Site Training Instructors (OSTIs) and CAs.

The document emphasises the importance of human factors / TRM training for ATSEP and also examines safety and language issues.

Available pdf

This document, in its second edition, is a set of medical requirements in the medical certification of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs), for application in ECAC1 States.

The document has been revised by the ATCO Medical Requirements Task Force (AMRTF) as a result of developments in aviation medicine and in the operational environment.

The document now also includes guidance on the training of Authorised Medical Examiners (AME), a sample European Class 3 Medical Certificate, advice for the holders of air traffic controller licences in the event of a decrease in medical fitness and a summary of Minimum Periodic Requirements.

Available pdf

The ATCO Licensing Review Task Force (ALRTF) set up by the EATM Human Resources Team (HRT) developed this document as guidance for ECAC Member States introducing a competence assessment scheme.

The first edition of the document outlined the process for developing a competence assessment scheme from the selection of competence assessors, to the conduct of competence assessments to record keeping.

This 2nd edition of Guidelines for Competence Assessment provides a more comprehensive analysis of the subject by offering guidelines for the development of performance objectives and additionally includes guidance for the competence assessment of On-the-Job-Training Instructors (OJTIs) and Competence Assessors.

Available pdf

This document describing minimum standards for licensing of air traffic controllers and intended for implementation in the ECAC States was originally produced by the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Safety Regulation Group (UK CAA SRG) Project Team, in cooperation with the Licensing Work Group (LWG).

This revised version was produced by the ATCO Licensing Review Task Force (ALRTF) set up by the EATM Human Resources Team (HRT), and incorporates all the features proposed in the EUROCONTROL Safety Regulation Commission (SRC) document 'EAM 5/AMC: Acceptable Means of Compliance with ESARR 5' (SRC, 2004). The document also includes editorial changes.

Available pdf

The "Requirements for European Class 3 Medical certification of Air Traffic Controllers" document (EATMP, 2003) has been produced with the objective of providing a set of harmonised, up-to-date medical requirements, specifically designed for Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs), to be used uniformly across Europe.

The updated version 2.0 will be available soon.

This document is intended to assist those Air Traffic Control (ATC) Service Provision or Regulatory Administrations who have decided to implement the provisions of the 'European Manual of Personnel Licensing – Air Traffic Controllers' (EATMP, 2000a) in order to fulfil the requirements of the EUROCONTROL Safety Regulatory Requirement – ATM Services’ Personnel (ESARR5) with regard to air traffic controllers (SRC, 2000).

Available (pdf + paper)

This document enables the creation of an Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) initial training compliant with the European Air Traffic Management Programme (EATMP) Common Core Content. It provides an example of a training programme of 443 periods corresponding to the approach surveillance training with Radar and Terminal Area (TMA) endorsements. It includes description of a training area, simulation test and the training procedures.

Available (pdf + paper)

This Compendium is the first of three Deliverables of the Change and Transition Work Package of the EUROCONTROL SENSE Programme. The Compendium is part of the Proactive Method (ProACT Method) for the Management of Change in Civil Aviation. The ProACT Method consists of Information Material for Managers, a Users Manual and this Compendium.
The selected material in this Compendium can be used by anybody in civil aviation who is tasked with planning and implementing changes in their organisation and/or in the ATM operational environment. The document gives the information that is necessary to make an informed choice of methods or tools that best fit the specific needs or purposes in a given change process. The information is compiled in standard templates and gives the relevant content and details on the quality and the practical attributes of the selected material.